The Judiciary Act of 1789

On September 24, 1789, the Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 by which the U.S. federal judiciary was established to make all important decision. By this Act, the U.S. Federal Judiciary was established and according to Article III, the Supreme Court was vested with all judicial powers. Even though this move was initially objected, the Congress went ahead to set up federal trial courts with broader jurisdiction so that each state be able to enforce proper law and order. The number of Justices was fixed to six along with five Associate Justices and a Chief Justice. The Supreme Court was also vested with Original as well as Appellate Jurisdiction and the power to invalidate any statute or treaty of the United States. The Act also set up judicial districts in the states that were admitted to the Union and these had circuit and district courts. Besides, each judicial district had the Office of Attorney General, a United States Attorney and a United States Marshal through the formation of the United States Marshals Service for the implementation of law. Therefore the United States Marshals Service is the oldest federal law enforcement body that has specific officers.