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Nuclear Binding Energy
Introduction:
Nuclear binding energy is the energy found inside the nucleus of every atom. This is the energy required to the formation of nucleus as well as this is the energy required to the formation of earth, because everything in the earth made of chemical elements which also have nucleus.
Definition of nuclear binding energy:
Nuclear binding energy is the energy required to hold the nucleons (Protons and neutrons) together.
What is the need of binding energy?
Nucleons present inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons. Neutrons are neutral in charge i.e., no electrical charge, but the protons are positively charged.
The nature of electrostatics is that the two like charges repel each other and two unlike charges attract each other. In the nucleus, there is a presence of many no. of protons which is of positively charged.
According to electrostatics, the two or more positively charged particles placed very near will repel each other. So, the protons present inside the nucleus also will repel each other. Therefore to hold these strongly repelling protons, some extra ordinary energy is required. Such energy is called nuclear binding energy.
How to calculate the nuclear binding energy?
The fact is that the actual mass of the nucleus is less than the sum of mass of protons and neutrons that make up the same nucleus.
So, there will be some defect in mass between the actual mass and the sum of masses. By knowing this defect as well as with the equation of energy relationship developed by Einstein, we can calculate the amount of binding energy.
The formula is,
Nuclear binding energy (NBE) = Dmc2 Where,
'D' stands for defect in mass
'm' stands for mass
'c' stands for velocity of light.
How to find the mass defect?
Let us calculate the mass defect with one example. The problem is to find the mass defect in the nucleus of carbon atom 6C12. Here,
No. of protons = 6
No. of neutrons = 12 - 6 = 6
Mass of protons = 6 x 1.00728 = 6.04368
Mass of neutrons = 6 x 1.00867 = 6.05202
Total mass of protons and neutrons = 6.04368 + 6.05202 = 12.0957
But, the actual mass of carbon 6C12 nucleus = 12.0107
Therefore, the mass defect = 12.0957-12.0107 = 0.085
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