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Nuclear Physics
Nuclear physics is the study of the nuclei which lie at the core of every atom. Protons and neutrons are the building blocks of the nucleus. So a large part of nuclear physics is trying to understand the force that holds protons and neutrons together .This force is termed as NUCLEAR Forces.
PROTON has a positive charge with its rest mass equal to 1836.1 times the rest mass of an electron.
NEUTRON is slightly heavier than proton and possesses no charge.
Protons and neutrons have identical properties except for their charges.
NUCLEONS are the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Nuclear terms
Z----- No of protons = No of Electrons
N---- No of neutrons in nucleus
A---- No of nucleons
A = N+Z
N = A-Z
A nucleus is symbolically represented asZXA where X represents the Chemical symbol of the element
Nuclear Size
The mean radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of 10-14 m to 10-15m while that of atom is 10-10m.Thus the nucleus is about 10000 times smaller in radius than the atom.
Nuclear mass
The assumed nuclear mass =(Z mp + Nmn)where mp and mn are the proton and neutron masses respectively .Measurement of mass by mass spectrometers Shows that real nuclear mass is < (Zmp+Nmn).
The difference in masses (Z mp + N mn) - real mass = Δm, where Δm is called the mass defect.
Nuclear charge
The charge of the nucleus is due to the protons in it. Each proton has a positive charge =1.6*10-19 c.
Nuclear forces
The nucleus of an atom is made up of uncharged neutrons and positively charged protons. According to Coulomb's law protons with like charges must repel each other with a very large force because they are close to each other and hence must break into pieces .But this doesn't happen .It means that there is some other force in the nucleus which overcomes the electrical force of repulsion between the protons and binds the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus .This force is called nuclear force.
Nuclear force is an attractive force that acts between all nucleons. Nuclear force are not electrostatic force hence charge independent .They are short range force
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