CALLISTA ROY

Callista Roy was born on 14^th October, 1939 in Los Angeles. She did her Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing in the year 1963 from Mount St. Mary’s College, her Masters degree in Pediatrics in the year 1966 from University of California, Los Angeles, her Master in Sociology in the year 1973 and Doctorate in Sociology in the year 1977. She worked as writer, professor, researcher and nursing consultant. She taught pediatric care and maternal care nursing in Mount St Mary’s College in the year 1966. She laid foundation for nursing education curriculum by innovation of Adaptation Nursing. She proposed nursing model in the year 1970.

Sister Callista Roy nursing model

Basic assumption was set for individuals in case of systems like social, psychological, biological and integrated systems. Proper balance should be maintained between each system. She adopted Adaptation Mode in four categories.

• Physiological system
• Self concept system
• Role mastery system
• Interdependency system

Physiological mode of adaptation

Individual needs: Oxygenation, Elimination, Activity, Nutrition and Protection

Group needs: Participants, capacities, physical facilities and resources

Complex senses: Fluid, Acid base balance & electrolyte balance, Neurological functioning and endocrine functioning

Self concept system

Individual needs: Psychic, Spiritual integrity

Group needs: Group identity by mutual sharing

Role mastery system

Individual needs: Social integrity

Group needs: Role clarity

Interdependency system

Individual & group needs: Relational integrity

Nursing process

Roy developed nursing process to provide solution to problems through proper channel.

• Behavior assessment: Initially basic informations about behavior of an individual as an adaptive system are gathered.
• Stimuli assessment: Adaptive mode behavior can be either by internal stimuli or external stimuli.
  • Focal
  • Contextual
  • Residual
• Diagnosis: Interpretation of collected data
• Setting goal: Statement about nursing care outcome
• Intervention: Screening best nursing process
• Evaluation: Cross checking nursing practice effectiveness