ANESTHESIOLOGY

Anesthesiology is a type of medicinal practice which deals with the drugs (Anesthesia) administered to reduce the suffering or pain of an individual. Such physicians who administer anesthesia to patients are called as Anesthesiologist. Today’s anesthesiologists are involved in providing different types of care like surgical anesthesia, labor anesthesia and analgesia providing critical care, emergency intubation’s, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute pain killer. It is administered even to premature neonates who suffer from congenital abnormalities.

Surgical anesthesia

Surgical anesthesia is of following three types.

• Moderate anesthesia care (MAC)
• Regional anesthesia
• General anesthesia

Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)

Monitored anesthesia care is administered in similar way like local anesthesia administration. Use of Monitored anesthesia care includes two main reasons namely

• If some individuals require more sedative drugs
• Persons who suffer from chronic or acute infections require close monitoring of individual to ensure them a respiratory support and or hemodynamic sort of support

Regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia is administered if the surgery is in lower or upper part of abdomen, pelvic regions and extremities. Person will remain conscious with regional anesthesia administration as it is region specific. If required intravenous sedative drugs are provided in order to enhance the blocks. It is much more different from general anesthesia and every clinical medicine has its own risk.

General anesthesia

When an individual is administered with general anesthesia, they remain unconscious for a specific time. General anesthesia can be either of the following

• Analgesia
• Amnesia
• Skeletal muscle relaxation
• Noxious reflex inhibition

It is possible to administer all the above mentioned drugs in single dose under general anesthesia category. Modern general anesthesia has combo pack of analgesic and intravenous administered anesthetic, muscle relaxants and inhalation anesthetics. However use of general anesthesia produces physiological changes in an undesirable fashion. Anesthesiologists shall administer anesthesia only after better understanding of pharmacological concepts and pathophysiology problems. Risks associated with general anesthesia are

• Respiratory depression
• Loss of air way maintenance
• Cardiovascular depression
• Hypoxia
• CNS damage
• Cardiac arrest
• Hypotension
• Acidic gastric aspiration
• Pulmonary damage
• Dental damage
• Intra operative positioning

Questions:

• Write short note on anesthetic pre operative evaluation.
• What are the causes fro air way obstruction?
• What types of machines are used for administering anesthesia machine?
• Describe inducing agents and inhalational agents.
• What are complications associated with perioperative anesthesia?
• How to treat intravascular and intrathecal injection by administering regional anesthesia?
• Explain inhalation anesthesia in detail.