History Of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid mechanics history is unpredictable occasion in ancient times, middle age or intermediate era and recent centuries.

Antiquity:

Archimedes gave an idea and principle of hydrostatics through his floating bodies experiment during 250 B.C. He proposed a law of buoyancy known as Archimedes principle. He states that the body under fluid exerts buoyant force which is equal to displaced fluid. Ctesibius and Hero made an effort to explain hydraulic machinery such as siphon and forcing pump during 120 B.C. In ancient days, siphon was used for making an earthen pot that rotates around the wheel. He failed to introduce motion of fluid in his invention. Sextus Julius Frontinus was the first to study the motion of fluids.

Middle ages or intermediate era:

The experimental scientific fluid mechanic methods were introduced by Islamicate scientists in specific Abu Rayhan Biruni and Al-Khazini. They introduced experimental methods to calculate the specific weight of particle. Mathematical ratio theory, algebraic techniques and infinitesimal technique were introduced by Islamicate scientists. Specific gravity correlation with volume displacement was proved by Biruni. Checking test of Biruni helped in weight difference of fresh water and saline water measuring. During this Biruni has invented conical measurements. Automatic control of fluid mechanics, feedback controller of fluids and discontinuous variable structure controls was introduced by Banu Musa brothers in the 9^th century. Al Jazari used crankshaft in the 1206.

In recent centuries:

Six cylinder pumps were invented by Taqi al Din in 1551. Thermodynamics science was discovered by Galileo. Laws of equilibrium of liquids were published in 1663 by Blaise Pascal. Isaac Newton investigated friction, viscosity, motion of waves, orifices. Daniel Bernoulli gave motion of fluids theory in 1738. Dynamic principle was discovered by Jean le Rond d’Alembert in 1743. Vortex dynamics was published by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1858. An intrinsic equation of Da Rios was used by Hasimoto in 1972.

Questions:

• What are the developments of vortex dynamic in twentieth century?
• Give brief description of fluid dynamics development in ancient days.
• Give timeline of fluid dynamics.
• What are contributions of Sir Isaac Newton to fluid dynamics?