Boolean algebra
A Boolean algebra is a logic algebra. The variables X can take on either of two values corresponding to truth (1 or T) and false (0 or F).
Not X is denoted by ∼X
If X = 1 then ∼X = 0.
If X = 0 then ∼X = 1.
A or B is denoted by A ∪ B (sometimes A + B).
A = 1 and B = 1 ⇒(implies) A ∪ B = 1.
A = 1 and B = 0 ⇒ A ∪ B = 1.
A = 0 and B = 1 ⇒ A ∪ B = 1.
A = 0 and B = 0 ⇒ A ∪ B = 0.
A and B is denoted by A ∩ B (sometimes A B).
A = 1 and B = 1 ⇒ A ∩ B = 1.
A = 1 and B = 0 ⇒ A ∩ B = 0.
A = 0 and B = 1 ⇒ A ∩ B = 0.
A = 0 and B = 0 ⇒ A ∩ B = 0.
The laws of logic:
Associativity:
(A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
(A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
Commutivity:
A ∪ B = B ∪ A
A ∩ B = B ∩ A
Negation:
∼ 1 = 0
∼ 0 = 1
Double negation:
∼∼ X = X
Distributive property:
A ∪ (B ∩ C ) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
A ∩ (B ∪ C ) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
Complementary property:
A U ( ∼ A ) = 1
A ∩ ( ∼ A ) = 0
Absorption property:
A U A = A
A ∩ A = A
A U 1 = 1
A ∩ 0 = 0
Identity property:
A ∩ 1= A
A U 0 = A
DeMorgan’s Laws:
∼ (A ∩ B) = ( ∼ A ) U ( ∼ B )
∼ (A U B) = ( ∼ A ) ∩ ( ∼ B )
Logic operator:
A = 1 and B = 1 ⇒ A U B =1
A = 1 and B = 0 ⇒ A U B =1
A = 0 and B = 1 ⇒ A U B =1
A = 0 and B = 0 ⇒ A U B =0
Truth table:
A or B
| 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
Not A
| 1 | |
| 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 |
A and B
| 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other logical relations are equivalence and implies.
A EQUI B
| 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
A IMPLIES B
| 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
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