Methods of Surveying

The practice of measuring angles and distances on the ground and plotting them accurately on map is generally termed as surveying. It is the technique and science used to determine accurate distances and angles between the terrestrial and three dimensional space positions of points. These points are taken from the positions on earth’s surface and the method of surveying is used to develop land maps and boundaries for the purpose of land ownership and other governmental purposes. Chains with links of known lengths are one of the ways used to measure the distance in surveying. A compass capable of providing magnetic bearing and from which deflections could be measured is used to measure horizontal angles. Generally surveys are non experimental and descriptive methods related to research. Surveys are scientific research methods and it can be used extensively in library and information science so that attitudes and characteristics of a wide range of subjects can be determined, like quality of user system interfaces & reading habits of library users. There are two basic methods of surveying. They are cross sectional surveys and longitudinal surveys.

Cross sectional & longitudinal surveys

To gather information on a population at a single point in time generally cross sectional surveys are used. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire determines the relationship between two factors, for instance the relation between religiousness of parents and views on Internet sifting. Longitudinal surveys can be collected over a period of time. Next step by the researcher may is analyze changes in found in surveying and attempt to describe them. The three main types of longitudinal surveys are trend studies, cohort studies, and panel studies.

Importance of Surveying Methods in Civil Engineering

Creativity and technical knacks are deployed in Civil Engineering in order to make sure that the amenities important for modern life works safely and efficiently. Land Surveying is an important aspect in construction, and this is done with an aim to verify the exactness of the existing records. Information obtained by surveying is used to prepare legal documents like deeds and leases. Planning, designing and establishing the boundaries of properties which include services such as mapping, construction layout services, angle, elevation, area and volume can be done with the help of Surveying. Site examination and selection with the usage of computerized measuring instruments which covers information related to geography and topography are the major methods of surveying. These investigations help to find the best site location. Civil engineering survey works on various regions such as turning out of maps and plans which can help in designing and planning civil engineering structures. This field also includes supervising construction and this helps to ensure the precision of  magnitude and tolerances.

Questions:

• What are the methods of surveying?
• What is the importance of surveying methods in Civil engineering?