Design of Drainage System

Drainage system

Drainage, it is the artificial or natural removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. The agricultural soil requires the drainage for improving production and to manage the water supplies. The design of drainage system refers to geomorphology drainage system, agriculture drainage system and sustainable urban drainage system.  

Geomorphology

The drainage system in the geomorphology is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in the particular drainage basin. The particular region is dominated by soft or hard rocks and the gradient of the land are governed by the topography of the land. In geomorphology, a drainage basin is the topographic region from there streams receives runoff, through flow, and ground water flow. The drainage basin are divided by topographic barrier from each other is called as watershed. The watershed represents all of the stream branches that flow to some location along the stream channel. The drainage basin varies according to the size, shape and number of the drainage basin found in the area. This included in the design of drainage system.

Agricultural drainage system

The agricultural drainage system is by which the water level or in the soil is controlled to increase the agricultural growth and yield crop production. There are three classification of agricultural drainage systems are available they are surface drainage system, sub surface drainage system, and main drainage system. The functioning of the surface drainage systems will start if there is an excess of rainfall or irrigation, operate entirely by gravity. This consists of reshaped land surface and can be divided into Bedded systems, used in flat lands for crops other tan rice; graded systems, used in sloping the land for crops than rice. The subsurface drainage systems consist of drainage systems, it consist slightly sloping channels made in the soil; they can open ditches, trenches, filled with stones and soil cap, mole drains. The main drainage systems consist of deep or shallow collectors and main drains or disposal drains.

Sustainable drainage systems

The design of drainage system includes sustainable drainage system. This is sometime called as Sustainable Urban drainage systems; this is designed to reduce the potential impact of the new and existing developments in respect with surface water drainage discharges. To reproduce the natural systems is the idea behind SUDS. This uses the effective cost with low environmental impact to drain away dirty and surface water collections, and cleaning them before allowing it released slowly back into environment, i.e. into water courses.

Questions:

• What is drainage?
• Explain sustainable drainage systems?