Era of Genomics

In the mid 1960s, by the invention of central dogma of life where DNA is translated in to mRNA and then translated in to protein, gave an outline that nucleotide sequences like DNA and RNA are capable of determining phenotype of an individual. In addition, the genetic evolution and habitat of organism can also be traced back from the nucleotide in specific DNA sequence. This new era has seen many number of DNA sequencing methods development. Rapid sequencing method helped in determining genome sequence for a broad class of organisms.

Through the genetic code mapping of human genome project, it is predicted that every human genome consists of a single copy of genome which has more than 3 billion base pairs. On the basis that three codon of genes (triplet codon) code for proteins, it is proved to contain nearly or more than 30,000 genes. In forthcoming genomic projects, broad spectrum of life will be discussed for higher eukaryotic organisms such as poplars, jelly fish, sea urchins, dogs, frogs, crustaceans and sponges.

This broad spectrum of study in future will help in the prediction of genomic sequence rather than the recognition or classification of genes along with their coded proteins. It is predicted that the nucleotide sequence in specific DNA is involved in DNA replication or duplication, recombination, gene regulation and/ or chromosome pairing. It is foreseen that DNA sequence analysis will help in deep insight in to how organisms behave.  In addition, genomics with underlying mechanism of evolution and genetic variations are also discovered.