Molecular Biology

Molecular biology is the study of biology at molecular level. It overlaps with biology and chemistry particularly with genetics and biochemistry. It explains how the various systems in the cell interacts particularly DNA, RNA, and also the synthesis of proteins.

Molecular biology involves the study of processes like transcription, translation and replication of genetic material at molecular level. The central dogma of molecular biology involves how the genetic material undergoes transcription, then translation resulting in protein synthesis.

DNA undergoes transcription forming mRNA which later undergoes translation with ribosomes and tRNA forming polypeptide chain.

Molecular biology also helps to understand the process of replication of DNA.

Molecular biology has developed a lot with the help of recent development in the fields of bioinformatics, where computers are used . Even cytology, developmental biology, genetic engineering etc. too contribute to the development of various techniques in molecular biology.

DNA and RNA are the nucleic acids that are present in the genes which are located in the chromosomes. DNA refers to Deoxy ribonucleic acid while RNA refers to ribose nucleic acid. DNA plays an important role . The structure of DNA has been unfolded due to various techniques developed. The structure of DNA and RNA helps us to understand the central dogma of protein systhesis at molecular level.

Central dogma of protein synthesis

Thus complicated process of protein synthesis, replication of DNA etc. are clearly understood due to molecular biology.