Role of Microorganism in Diseases:

The organisms that can be seen only through microscope and not visible by naked eye is referred to as microbes or microorganisms. Greek word meaning of micro is small and an organism is very small to be seen by naked eye. Microorganisms are widely distributed diverse in nature.

Distribution of Microorganism:

They are present almost in every part of biosphere. It is found in natural sources like water, liquid, soil particles, and springs. They are abundant in atmosphere and in the earth crust. Most of soil microbes help in fixing of nitrogen in atmosphere.

Microorganism Types:

Diversely classified microorganisms can be any below mentioned type

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Algae (Green algae & Blue green algae)
• Archaea
• Protozoan
• Plankton
• Planarian
• Viruses

Classification of Microorganism:

Highly diverse group of organisms are much easy to classify.

• Unicellular microorganism
• Multicellular microorganism

Most of the Unicellular organisms are microscopic that is it cannot be seen by naked eye and some of the Multicellular organism are macroscopic which can be seen by naked eye.

Infection site:

Eyes, ears, skin, respiratoty, nervous, cardiovascular and genitourinary systems are mostly infected sites.

Role of Microorganisms:

Infection means entering of organism in to the other organism. Infection is not equal to the terms disease or death. But when proper care is not taken toward infections, then the invaded organism grows in due course of time resulting in disease and death. The invaded organisms start growing inside and suck your immune strength ultimately. The pathogenic microbes can invade in to other organisms, leading to diseases in human and other organisms. It can be fatal if poisonous. Pathogenicity is usually the result of toxin production in the system. This toxin interferes the normal functioning of metabolism or digestion or immune. Medical community did not want to accept the concept of micro organism role resulting in disease till nineteenth century. Disease is a result of some super natural powers, improper balance of four humors that is blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm was initial thought by many individuals. Initial thought of Fracastoro was widely accepted as there are some improper disturbances in four humors. Germ theory added value to the initial thought. Joseph Lister of late 1860’s was inventor of Germ theory. Many scientist proved by their research work almost of the diseases are caused by micro organisms infection. For instance, Agostino Bassi was the first to prove that silk worm diseases are caused by fungal infections. Role of microorganism in disease was first demonstrated by Robert Koch in the year 1876. He demonstrated a microbial relationship between Bacillus anthracis resulting in anthrax. As a result he concluded that microorganism is present everywhere when immune system is weak and less in healthy organism as immune system is effective against foreign organisms. The organism can be isolated from the infected individual and cross checked for the confirmation to predict which organisms cause disease.

Role of Organisms in Human Health:

Some of the organisms form an endosymbiotic relationship with human. The bacterium that lives in digestive system helps in synthesis of vitamins such as biotin and folic acid. It also increases the immunity of gut. It digests complex byproducts. Apart from immune role they are infectious to humans. Pathogenic organisms can result in anthrax, tuberculosis, plague, malaria, sleeping sickness, ring worm, candidiasis, yellow fever, influenza and harmful diseases like AIDS.

Importance of Health and Hygiene:

A good hygienic condition helps in avoiding infections by microorganisms. Obviously hygiene environment reduces or eliminates the organisms near and from the surroundings. Chances of reduction are limited when they are not routine practice. This gives sterilized area. By proper preservation, one can reduce the organisms in food materials. Most of the food is persevered by refrigeration and or addition of vinegar. Cleaning of vessels just before cooking improves hygiene. Preservation for shorter period will also improve hygiene. When complete sterile materials are required then autoclave or irradiate the materials. This results in microorganism free container. Drinking water should be filtered on routine basis.

As each and every organism requires suitable condition for it to grow, all organisms are not found everywhere. Hence by adopting suitable preservation methods you can eradicate microorganisms running your life and health.