Discovery of Microbiology

• Microorganism presence was first detected by Fracastoro in 1546. He suggested the fact that  invisible organism is responsible for infections and diseases.
• The first compound microscope was invented by Jansen during 1590- 1608.
• An animalcule, microscopic protozoan was invented by Leewenhock in 1676.
• Spontaneous generation of maggots was published by redi in 1688.
• Lassaro spallanzani gave spontaneous generation theory of life in 1768. He did a life term study during 1765- 1776.
• Classification of bacteria was attributed by Muller in 1786.
• Vaccine for small pox was pioneered by Edward jenner in 1798.
• Theory of basic unit of life, Cell theory was studied by Schwann and Schleiden during 1838- 1839.
• Silkworm disease is caused by fungus was proved by Agostino Bassi during the year 1835- 1844.
• Use of antiseptics reduces the transmission of childbed fever was attributed by Semmelweis during 1847- 1850.
• Epidemiology of cholera epidemic was studied by Snow in 1849.
• Microorganisms are responsible for lactic acid fermentation was shown by Pasteur in 1857.
• All cells originate from cells was stated by Virchow in 1858.
• Microorganisms are not because of spontaneous generation was showed by Pasteur in 1861.
• Antiseptic surgery was introduced by Lister in 1867.
• Nucleic acids was discovered by Miescher in 1869.
• Bacillus anthracis induce anthrax was confirmed by Koch during 1876- 1877.
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium was proved by Laveran in 1880.
• Bacteria were cultured by Koch on gelatin in 1881.
• Anthrax medicine was developed by Pasteur in 1881.
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis was introduced by Koch in 1882.
• Koch postulates was published in 1884.
• Phagocytosis was introduced by Metcnikoff in 1884.
• Gram staining technique and autoclave for sterilization was developed in 1884.
• Rabies vaccine was developed by Pasteur in 1885.
• Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli was discovered by Escherich in 1885.
• Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was discovered by Fraenkel in 1886.
• Perti plates were introduced by Richard Petri in 1887.
• Sulfur and nitrifying bacteria was studied by Winogradsky during the year 1887- 1890.
• Root nodule bacteria were isolated by Beijerinck in 1889.
• Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins were introduced by Von Behring in 1890.
• Tobacco mosaic disease is caused by a virus was proved by Ivanowsky in 1892.
• Plague induced by Yersinia pestis was developed by Kitasato and Yersin in 1894.
• Complement was discovered by Bordet in 1895.
• Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum was discovered by Van Ermengem in 1896.
• Extract from yeast for fermentation was prepared by Buchner in 1897.
• Mosquito causing malaria was introduced by Ross in 1897.
• Virus is responsible for tobacco mosaic disease was confirmed by Beijerinck in 1899.
• Mosquito causes yellow fever was proved by Reed in 1900.
• Blood groups were discovered by Landsteiner in 1902.
• Isolated antibodies from immunized animals in 1903 by Wright.
• Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum was proved by Schaudinn and Hoffmann in 1905
• Complement fixation test for Syhphilis was developed by Wassermann in 1906.
• Rickettsia rickettsi cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever was proved by Ricketts in 1909.
• Chemotherapeutic agent for Shyphilips was developed by Ehrlich in 1910.
• Cancer in chicken is by virus was proved by Rous in 1911.
• Bacterial viruses were discovered by D’Herelle and Twort during 1915- 1917.
• Lysozyme was discovered by Fleming in 1921.
• Bergy’s manual first edition was published in 1923.
• Bacterial transformation was discovered by Griffith in 1928.
• Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929.
• Photosynthetic bacteria utilize reduced compounds as electron a donor in the absence of oxygen was studied by Van Niel in 1931.
• Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) was developed by Ruska in 1933.
• TMV was crystallized by Stanley in 1935.
• Classification of living organisms in to prokaryotes and eukaryotes was by done Chatton in 1937.
• One gene one enzyme was hypothesized by Beadle and Tatum in 1941.
• DNA carries genetic information was showed by Aery in 1944.
• Streptomucin was discovered by Waksman in 1944.
• Bacterial conjugation was introduced by Lederberg and Tatum in 1946.
• Growth of poliovirus in human tissue culture was proved by Enders, Weller and Robbins in 1949.
• Lysogenic bacteriophages were proved by Lwoff in 1950.
• Bacteriophage transmits DNA in to host cell was proved Hershey and Chase in 1952.
• Transduction concept was discovered by Zinder and Lederberg in 1952.
• Phase contrast microscope was developed in 1953.
• Immune tolerance concept was discovered by Medawar in 1953.
• Double helix structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.
• F factor of plasmid was discovered by Jacob and Wollman in 1955.
• Clonal selection theory was proposed by Jerne and Monod in 1955.
• Radioimmuno assay technique was developed by Yalow in 1959.
• Gene regulation operon model was proposed by Jacob and Monod in 1961.
• Genetic code elucidated Nirenberg and Khorana during 1961 to 1966.
• IgG structure was proposed by Porter in 1962.
• Quinolone was first synthesized in 1962.
• Restriction endonuclease was discovered by Arber and Smith in 1970.
• Reverse transcriptase of retrovirus was introduced by Temin and Baltimore in 1970.
• Bacterial assay was developed by Ames in 1973.
• Plasmid was used as vectors by Boyer, Chang and others in 1973.
• Monoclonal antibody production was developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975.
• Lyme diseases were discovered in 1975.
• DNA sequencing techniques was developed by Gilbert and Sanger in 1977.
• Insulin was synthesized using rDNA technique in 1979.
• Scanning tunneling microscope was discovered in 1980.
• Hepatitis B vaccine was developed by recombination in 1982.
• Catalytic RNA was discovered by Cech and Altman during 1982-1983.
• HIV was isolated by Gallo and Montagnier and Mullis developed polymerase chain reaction during 1983-1984.
• Human gene therapy began in 1990.
• Approval of chicknepox vaccine and Genome sequencing took place in 1995.
• Monstrous microbe was discovered in 1997.
• Two chromosomes of Vibrio cholera was studied in 2000.